数学稿件信息
从品种试验看湖北山区玉米育种进展
倪红权
湖北省五峰土家族自治县现代农业科技示范中心 湖北五峰 443413
摘要：优良新品种是经过育种家多年多代材料选育和多年多点试验选出来的，玉米新品种是对玉米自交系材料的综合运用的直接成果，品种特征特性的描述表现为植株果穗等农艺和经济性状及抗逆性。育种家们加大了对玉米质量经济性状的选育力度，优化了生育期、株高穗位、穗长穗粗、穗长秃尖及穗行行粒数等性状表现，提高了玉米品种出籽率、百粒重和单穗粒重等性状表现，对玉米质量的内在品质的重视度逐步提高。
关键词：玉米；品种试验；山区；育种进展；
中图分类号：S338 文献标识码：A
The Progress of Corn Breeding in Hubei Mountain Areas from the Variety Test
Nihongquan
Wufeng Tujia Autonomous County Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Demonstration Center Hubei Wufeng 443413
Abstract: the fine new varieties are selected by the breeder after many years of multi-generation material selection and multi-point experiment, and the new maize varieties are the direct result of the comprehensive application of maize self-crossing materials. The characteristics of cultivars were described as agronomic and economic traits and resistance to the adverse effects of fruit spikes. Breeders increased their efforts to select the quality and economic traits of corn, and optimized the performance of traits such as growth period, plant height, ear length, ear length, ear length, and ear number. The seed yield, grain weight and grain weight of maize varieties were improved, and the intrinsic quality of maize quality was gradually increased.
Key words: corn; Variety testing; Mountain areas; Advances in breeding;
Chinese Figure Classification Number: S338 Document Identification Code: A
玉米在湖北省是面积仅次于水稻、小麦的第三大粮食作物，2015年全省玉米增产对粮食产量增加率达32.94%，从未来发展看，玉米将是湖北省需求增长最快、增产潜力最大的粮食品种[1]。育种家为选育适宜我省山区种植的玉米品种，推动我省玉米品种的更新换代，提高玉米产量，保障粮食安全作出了自己的贡献。本文通过对品种试验参试品种数据的比较分析，管窥湖北山区玉米育种的进展，与同行一起分享探讨。
1 数据采集与分析方法
1.1 数据采集
采用2007-2018年湖北山区玉米品种试验五峰试点数据进行汇总分析。
1.2 分析方法
采用Excel 2010进行数据分析。
2 结果与分析
表1 2007-2018年山区组玉米品种试验资料
|
年份 |
参试品种数 |
生育期（天） |
平均亩产（kg） |
株高（cm） |
穗位（cm） |
穗位比 |
穗长(cm) |
穗粗(cm) |
秃尖(cm) |
秃尖穗长比 |
穗行数 |
行粒数 |
单穗粒重(g) |
穗粒数 |
出籽率(%) |
百粒重(g) |
|
2007 |
10 |
131.8 |
614.2 |
280.7 |
122.6 |
43.6 |
18.0 |
5.3 |
1.0 |
5.7 |
16.8 |
34.9 |
167.5 |
583.9 |
|
30.3 |
|
2008 |
10 |
130.7 |
683.0 |
302.9 |
134.0 |
44.1 |
19.7 |
5.5 |
2.1 |
10.7 |
16.6 |
34.7 |
186.3 |
575.3 |
|
34.4 |
|
2009 |
10 |
149.7 |
682.9 |
278.7 |
121.1 |
43.5 |
20.6 |
5.8 |
4.5 |
21.8 |
18.1 |
30.2 |
207.7 |
545.2 |
87.2 |
36.8 |
|
2010 |
22 |
144.5 |
576.8 |
299.1 |
131.9 |
44.1 |
18.5 |
5.2 |
1.5 |
8.2 |
17.0 |
35.6 |
180.3 |
606.7 |
84.7 |
31.8 |
|
2011 |
20 |
147.6 |
663.9 |
321.0 |
148.9 |
46.3 |
19.8 |
5.6 |
2.2 |
10.9 |
16.1 |
34.6 |
211.9 |
558.3 |
86.4 |
38.3 |
|
2012 |
21 |
137.5 |
662.9 |
288.9 |
132.4 |
45.6 |
17.9 |
5.2 |
1.2 |
7.0 |
16.5 |
35.4 |
193.3 |
584.0 |
86.5 |
34.1 |
|
2013 |
20 |
139.7 |
737.2 |
305.0 |
141.6 |
46.4 |
17.5 |
5.0 |
0.9 |
5.2 |
16.0 |
38.5 |
192.2 |
617.0 |
86.6 |
36.3 |
|
2014 |
20 |
148.8 |
662.7 |
288.9 |
116.8 |
40.3 |
17.9 |
5.4 |
1.4 |
7.6 |
17.0 |
34.6 |
192.8 |
587.5 |
83.8 |
33.9 |
|
2015 |
20 |
153.9 |
742.2 |
295.2 |
120.4 |
40.7 |
18.4 |
5.4 |
1.2 |
6.6 |
16.7 |
36.1 |
216.3 |
598.6 |
88.2 |
37.0 |
|
2016 |
30 |
133.1 |
574.6 |
284.2 |
123.1 |
43.3 |
16.8 |
5.1 |
1.6 |
9.5 |
15.9 |
32.3 |
173.6 |
512.3 |
86.2 |
35.6 |
|
2017 |
30 |
132.1 |
640.8 |
313.7 |
130.
|
